Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community

This article (19 page PDF) analyzes studies of 'smart' and 'stupid' education, concludes there's no single definition (quelle surprise!) and offers an alternative mixed account where 'smart' and 'stupid' can be defined along various axes, for example (as proposed in the paper), adaptive/non-adaptive, beneficial/harmful. It seems like a lot of work for a minimal conclusion, though I suppose it is helpful to be clear that different people define 'smart' differently. Via Jon Dron, who sees something deeper in it: "It is important to remember that technologies as they are enacted are almost always partly intracranial: there are things we have to do, ways we must participate, many of which demand intelligent choices to be made."

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
stephen@downes.ca

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Last Updated: Sept 17, 2026 5:35 p.m.

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