Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community

The author makes the very good point that AI isn't just one thing in education. AI in medicine, for example, is very different from AI for medicine. So Szymon Machajewski proposes a four-type model: AI for education, AI in education, AI of the profession, and AI literacy. Of these I think the third is a bit garbled, and the fourth seems superfluous. It seems weird to say "AI literacy is the only layer that can be taught without AI." But as a first take I think the model is useful - it separates two very distinct domains of AI: "Tasks that are formatting, layouts, under-the-hood, filing, and filtering (FLUFF) can be handed to AI because the work is not the learning. Work that is specific, persuasive, authentic, rigorous, and keen-insight (SPARK) is the learning, so AI should make the student think rather than think for the student."

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
stephen@downes.ca

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Last Updated: Oct 28, 2026 2:29 p.m.

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