Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community

This paper (36 page PDF), which can be found via the University of Johannesburg portal, offers a useful discussion of digital sovereignty generally, with a particular focus on South Africa. The core of the paper is a framework describing degrees of sovereignty at the national, institutional, and individual level, each describing business models along with ontological, epistemological and sovereignty implications. This part of the paper is pretty clear; the section focused on South Africa is more of a slog, though there is a useful discussion of Nancy Fraser's model of justice: "Fraser's starting point is that 'the most general meaning of justice is parity of participation', by which she means that justice requires social arrangements that allow all to participate as peers in social life. She then identifies three mutually entangled dimensions through which participatory parity can be blocked: distribution, recognition, and representation." With respect to representation, "affirmative responses seek voice within existing governance," while "transformative responses aim to change the underlying grammar." What this means for South Africa is that an analysis requires more than just an examination of decisions made at the political level, but also of the forces informing them, and often constraining them.

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
stephen@downes.ca

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Last Updated: Sept 04, 2026 11:45 a.m.

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