This article is dense but yields to a reasonable careful reading. In a nutshell: the authors consider what the use of AI could tell us about how to support "Socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL)", that is, "a complex process where learners collectively manage their learning activities, influencing each other's cognitive, motivational, and emotional states." They conceptialize an AI called a Metacognitive Artificial Intelligence (MAI) employing a design process called Echeloned Design Science Research (EDSR) (which readers will find is very similar to the Waterfall design methodology) and, lacking an actual functioning prototype, emulate its functionality using humans behind the scenes (aka the Wizard of Oz (WOz) approach), and apply it using a cohort of 52 pre-service teachers. It didn't work. "Although the theory-grounded design principles proposed in the domain appear somewhat effective, our results indicate that these are insufficient in real-world contexts, and insights from human-computer interaction are necessary for creating truly effective designs."
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