This is from a couple of years ago and published behind a paywall so I didn't get to see it until a search unearthed an open access PDF. The concept has been around for a while, at least since Lazar's 2009 article, and probably longer. It describes social science in terms of massive data sets, agent-based simulations, digital records of human behavior, connections and networks, data text analysis, new modalities (audio, video, images, GIS, sensors), and archival data. It is understood theoretically as a process of mapping signals and known constructs to each other, though I think there's room for new approaches here. Good article, clearly written and accessible. 31 page PDF. See Katherine Ognyanova's website for a lot more related work. Also see Lazer Lab, "based on the idea that how people and organizations are connected together is critical to understanding the functioning, success and failure of actors and systems."
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