Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community

I ran across this paper (9 page PDF) completely by accident while searching for something else but unsurprisingly it captured my attention. It's an odd mix of Spanish and English text published in an obscure journal but fortunately I read enough Spanish to follow along and I enjoying the compelling way the authors looked at George Siemens's and my individual contributions to connectivism and then the way they blend to create the theory as a whole. I especially liked the "integrated epistemological foundations" that summarize the combined contributions as a unified entity.

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
stephen@downes.ca

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Last Updated: Feb 09, 2026 10:29 a.m.

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