Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community

It's interesting to me that I have studied the work of both Nelson Goodman and Howard Gardner without ever appreciating the association between the two. But Peter Skillen pointed to this calling is a 'valuable resource' and it is. This massive 525 document provides a comprehensive history and overview of Project Zero (see also), launched 60 years ago at Harvard by Goodman and Gardner along with Howard Perkins, which first focused on art education, but later branched into a range of initiatives familiar to most educators today, including multiple intelligences, visual thinking, and other inquiry-based methods. The document also gave me some practical experience because it is published as a Flipbook, so there's no downloadable version at all (you can't even copy text to quote it in a post like this) - no matter, I figured it out: go to the page you want to download, go to fullscreen, download the web page (ctl/S), then use Python as described here to OCR the page image (which will be a .webp). And to Harvard: next time, just post a document people can download. Update: PDF now available here.

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
stephen@downes.ca

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Last Updated: Sept 29, 2025 2:46 p.m.

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