Most people in the edtech world will recognize the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework from Garrison et al. that describes the relation between various types of presence on online learning and learning technology. This paper helpfully updates the discussion around the concept over the last few decades, and in particular, social presence, and even more specifically, whether the concept includes "community or group dynamics" over and above "the perception of participants as real individuals" (which is how I've always thought of it). The paper is interesting to me because the analysis of 53 studies between 1995 to 2022 suggests (inconclusively) that there is a relation between teaching modality and social presence, and this makes me ask whether MOOCs create less in the way of community or group dynamics. Do we want community and group dynamics in MOOCs?
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