Content-type: text/html Downes.ca ~ Stephen's Web ~ The New ISD: Applying Cognitive Strategies to Instructional Design

Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community
There's quite a bit going on in this paper. Drawing on her own four architectures of instructional systems design (ISD), and Merrill's suggestion that ISD is "essentially a series of empty boxes," Clark suggests that the application of work in cognitive models of learning (a "recent" advance, she says, over behaviourist models) can provide "aCRLFgood start to a scientific foundation for design of effective instruction." In particular, this paper describes strategies for reducing the load on working memory so that learning can be grasped and understod. Specific strategies include the use of worked examples instead of problem sets, the use of audio with video instead of text, and training workers to self-explain examples.

CRLFI think this is a start, but there is much debate about the use of computational analogies (for example, "working memory") in cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology - now decades old, and hardly recent - has split into a number of distinct approaches, the most important being computational and non-computational models of cognition. It may surprise people to learn that, as a connectionist, I fall into the non-computational camp, and therefore view a structure such as "working memory" to be a very rough and in important ways inaccurate analogy for cognitive learning processes. That's not to object to Clark's depiction per se, but to suggest that more precise formulations should be forthcoming.

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
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