Stephen Downes

Knowledge, Learning, Community

A few weeks ago Philippa Hardman tested Articulate's Frontline and concluded AI models have "learned what design artefacts look like, but not the design reasoning and decision making." But is this true? This time, Hardman applies the test on Frontier models. The setup: she defines what 'good' instructional design looks like and describes a potential training scenario that includes a series of tasks the AI should perform. The result: "the two best AI models designed like expert or experienced instructional designers... Both were able to work out what was really causing a problem, advised against training when it wasn't the answer, chose the right approach and planned how to measure whether it worked." That doesn't mean it was perfect. "Factual acuracy varies a lot from one model to the next (and) none of the models I tested reliably stood by their own advice." 

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Stephen Downes Stephen Downes, Casselman, Canada
stephen@downes.ca

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Last Updated: Oct 15, 2026 09:34 a.m.

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