So the answer here, which is never clearly stated, is "no". That's not to say synchronous sessions are without value. "Live sessions, real-time conversations, orientations, guest speakers, and collaborative meetings can support connection, clarification, and engagement." But for many people, especially if they are a surprise addition to a course, or not tied directly to the course goals, or arbitrarily made mandatory, they can act as a barrier. My own approach has always been to include synchronous activities, because of the value, but to be sure to fully record them, so nobody misses out.
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