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Rights Expression Working Group 
https://www.flickr.com/photos/75487768@N04/12188256115 
Stuart Myles * Associated Press * 22nd October 2014 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved
The News Industry Needs 
Machine Readable Rights 
Increasing automation of workflows 
Less opportunity for editors to read notes, 
the traditional means of indicating restrictions and duties 
Sophisticated publishing relationships 
Fewer single purpose, static connections 
More (need for) flexible, ad hoc uses of content which 
respect rights 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 2
RightsML 
Founded on ODRL 
Open Digital Rights Language 
Selected by IPTC after evaluating several alternatives 
http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/ 
RightsML is a news industry specific vocabulary 
Plugs into ODRL framework 
http://rightsml.org 
http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML 
Machine processable permissions, restrictions and duties 
Derived from media industry requirements 
Can be embedded within content or stand alone policies 
Designed for all media types 
Designed for automatic evaluation 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved
Illustrating the Need for RightsML 
• Let’s say that I am a publisher of an Internet magazine 
• My magazine features a single cat photo each day 
– Cats are popular on the Internet 
• My publishing company is based in Paris, France 
• My supplier of cat photos is the Example Photo Agency 
• The EPA licenses me to publish their photos on my site 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 4
THE DAILY CAT 
cats.example.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE CATS - Since 2014 
I GET A CAT PHOTO FROM EPA 
EPA sends me a cat photo 
My license with the EPA 
says I can publish their 
photos to my website. 
There is no additional policy 
associated with the photo. 
So, I publish the photo on 
my website. 
Le chatte by FLASHFLOOD https://www.flickr.com/photos/flashflood/7299891846
USE WHEN 
LOCATION ISN’T FRANCE 
The next photo I receive from EPA has a policy 
The EPA sends me a photo with a RightsML policy: 
Policy 
Use when location is not France 
So, even though my EPA license 
says I may publish their photos 
to the web 
The RightsML policy for this one 
photo overrides it 
(As I am located in France) 
Mona Lisa lolcat by Michael Russel https://www.flickr.com/photos/planetrussell/6814444991 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved
THE DAILY CAT 
cats.example.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE CATS - Since 2014 
PHOTO: “NO USE UK” POLICY 
Policy 
Use when location is not UK 
NO USE UK. There is a 
policy attached to this photo: 
“Use when location is not 
UK”. 
Since my license from the 
EPA says I can publish their 
photos to my website and 
my website isn’t based in the 
UK, I can publish the photo 
on my website. 
Note, however, that the 
policy attached to this photo 
must be interpreted in the 
context of the license from 
the EPA. Just because the 
policy says “Use when 
location is not UK”, it doesn’t 
mean that other uses are 
granted by the policy. So, for 
example, I can’t create print 
the photo, as my EPA 
license only grants web use. 
tea & cats by Kayla Nicole https://www.flickr.com/photos/ohpapercut/14801702282
Permissions, Restrictions, Duties 
• RightsML covers more than just geo restrictions, e.g. 
– Geography 
– Time 
– Distribution channel 
– Default “read the editors’ notes” 
– Action 
– Duty to pay 
– http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML-Examples-Simple-Cases 
• And more than just one simple constraint 
– Using the “simple” examples as building blocks 
– http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML-10-Implementation-Examples 
• Many licenses and policies are much more complex 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 8
Traditional Publishing 
A feed per publication 
A tuned 
content 
set 
Licensed 
for one 
outlet 
Editors 
review 
notes 
Often by 
media 
type
One Publishing House 
With many publications 
Content still 
licensed per 
outlet 
Newspapers, 
magazines, 
broadcast 
channels 
Websites 
and apps for 
desktop, 
smartphone, 
tablet 
Content 
duplication 
Enshrines 
legacy 
relationships
Most Publishing House 
Take Content from Multiple Providers 
Lots of 
complexity 
and waste for 
publishers and 
providers. 
Harder for 
publishers to 
respond to 
new 
opportunities
RightsML Enables Automated 
Publishing That Respects Rights 
Content still 
licensed per 
outlet 
Automatically 
route content 
Less editorial 
intervention to 
check 
No content restrictions 
duplication 
Apply 
restrictions 
per content 
item 
New uses for 
content without 
a duplicate 
feed
RightsML Processing Model 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 13
Contract Processing Model 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 14
Policy Processing: Permissions 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 15
Policy Processing: Restrictions 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 16
Why the recursion? 
• ODRL (and hence RightsML) has a hierarchy of actions 
– http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-common-vocabulary- 
constraint-draft-changes/#section-22 
• For example, a desired use is "print", which has a parent 
of "present", which has a parent of "use“ 
• A given license might permit "present" and thus also 
permit the child actions of "display", "play" and "print" 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 17
Software Supporting ODRL v2 
• licensed 
– https://github.com/iptc/rightsml-dev/tree/master/licensed 
– Python library to read and write ODRL 2.1 and RightsML 
– Supports XML and JSON encodings 
• rightsml-lib-js 
– https://github.com/iptc/rightsml-dev/tree/master/rightsml-lib-js 
– Javascript library to create ODRL 2.1 and RightsML 
– Supports XML and JSON encodings 
• odrlapi 
– http://vroddon.github.io/odrlapi/ 
– Java library to read and write ODRL 2.0 
– Supports RDF encoding 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 18
Refining ODRL 
• Working with ODRL W3C CG 
– Simplify, enhance ODRL 
– Improve documentation 
• ODRL 2.1 
– Added profile attribute, datatype and unit to constraints 
• http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-core-model-constraint-draft- 
changes/ 
– Slimmed down the Common Vocabulary 
• http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-xml-encoding-constraint- 
draft-changes/ 
– JSON http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/json/ 
– RDF http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ 
– XML http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-xml-encoding-constraint- 
draft-changes/ 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 19
Next Steps 
• Finalize ODRL 2.1 
– And publish updates to RightsML documntation and specs 
• Proof of concept implementation of the processing model 
– Demo POC based on licensed in NYC 
• Outreach 
• http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML 
• iptc-rightsml-dev@yahoogroups.com 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 20
Date and Place of Next Meeting 
New York, USA March, 2015 
https://www.flickr.com/photos/arnebornheim/8080932433 
Danke und auf Wiedersehen! 
© 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 21

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IPTC Rights Working Group Autumn 2014: RightsML, ODRL

  • 1. Rights Expression Working Group https://www.flickr.com/photos/75487768@N04/12188256115 Stuart Myles * Associated Press * 22nd October 2014 © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved
  • 2. The News Industry Needs Machine Readable Rights Increasing automation of workflows Less opportunity for editors to read notes, the traditional means of indicating restrictions and duties Sophisticated publishing relationships Fewer single purpose, static connections More (need for) flexible, ad hoc uses of content which respect rights © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 2
  • 3. RightsML Founded on ODRL Open Digital Rights Language Selected by IPTC after evaluating several alternatives http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/ RightsML is a news industry specific vocabulary Plugs into ODRL framework http://rightsml.org http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML Machine processable permissions, restrictions and duties Derived from media industry requirements Can be embedded within content or stand alone policies Designed for all media types Designed for automatic evaluation © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved
  • 4. Illustrating the Need for RightsML • Let’s say that I am a publisher of an Internet magazine • My magazine features a single cat photo each day – Cats are popular on the Internet • My publishing company is based in Paris, France • My supplier of cat photos is the Example Photo Agency • The EPA licenses me to publish their photos on my site © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 4
  • 5. THE DAILY CAT cats.example.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE CATS - Since 2014 I GET A CAT PHOTO FROM EPA EPA sends me a cat photo My license with the EPA says I can publish their photos to my website. There is no additional policy associated with the photo. So, I publish the photo on my website. Le chatte by FLASHFLOOD https://www.flickr.com/photos/flashflood/7299891846
  • 6. USE WHEN LOCATION ISN’T FRANCE The next photo I receive from EPA has a policy The EPA sends me a photo with a RightsML policy: Policy Use when location is not France So, even though my EPA license says I may publish their photos to the web The RightsML policy for this one photo overrides it (As I am located in France) Mona Lisa lolcat by Michael Russel https://www.flickr.com/photos/planetrussell/6814444991 © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved
  • 7. THE DAILY CAT cats.example.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE CATS - Since 2014 PHOTO: “NO USE UK” POLICY Policy Use when location is not UK NO USE UK. There is a policy attached to this photo: “Use when location is not UK”. Since my license from the EPA says I can publish their photos to my website and my website isn’t based in the UK, I can publish the photo on my website. Note, however, that the policy attached to this photo must be interpreted in the context of the license from the EPA. Just because the policy says “Use when location is not UK”, it doesn’t mean that other uses are granted by the policy. So, for example, I can’t create print the photo, as my EPA license only grants web use. tea & cats by Kayla Nicole https://www.flickr.com/photos/ohpapercut/14801702282
  • 8. Permissions, Restrictions, Duties • RightsML covers more than just geo restrictions, e.g. – Geography – Time – Distribution channel – Default “read the editors’ notes” – Action – Duty to pay – http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML-Examples-Simple-Cases • And more than just one simple constraint – Using the “simple” examples as building blocks – http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML-10-Implementation-Examples • Many licenses and policies are much more complex © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 8
  • 9. Traditional Publishing A feed per publication A tuned content set Licensed for one outlet Editors review notes Often by media type
  • 10. One Publishing House With many publications Content still licensed per outlet Newspapers, magazines, broadcast channels Websites and apps for desktop, smartphone, tablet Content duplication Enshrines legacy relationships
  • 11. Most Publishing House Take Content from Multiple Providers Lots of complexity and waste for publishers and providers. Harder for publishers to respond to new opportunities
  • 12. RightsML Enables Automated Publishing That Respects Rights Content still licensed per outlet Automatically route content Less editorial intervention to check No content restrictions duplication Apply restrictions per content item New uses for content without a duplicate feed
  • 13. RightsML Processing Model © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 13
  • 14. Contract Processing Model © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 14
  • 15. Policy Processing: Permissions © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 15
  • 16. Policy Processing: Restrictions © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 16
  • 17. Why the recursion? • ODRL (and hence RightsML) has a hierarchy of actions – http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-common-vocabulary- constraint-draft-changes/#section-22 • For example, a desired use is "print", which has a parent of "present", which has a parent of "use“ • A given license might permit "present" and thus also permit the child actions of "display", "play" and "print" © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 17
  • 18. Software Supporting ODRL v2 • licensed – https://github.com/iptc/rightsml-dev/tree/master/licensed – Python library to read and write ODRL 2.1 and RightsML – Supports XML and JSON encodings • rightsml-lib-js – https://github.com/iptc/rightsml-dev/tree/master/rightsml-lib-js – Javascript library to create ODRL 2.1 and RightsML – Supports XML and JSON encodings • odrlapi – http://vroddon.github.io/odrlapi/ – Java library to read and write ODRL 2.0 – Supports RDF encoding © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 18
  • 19. Refining ODRL • Working with ODRL W3C CG – Simplify, enhance ODRL – Improve documentation • ODRL 2.1 – Added profile attribute, datatype and unit to constraints • http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-core-model-constraint-draft- changes/ – Slimmed down the Common Vocabulary • http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-xml-encoding-constraint- draft-changes/ – JSON http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/json/ – RDF http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ – XML http://www.w3.org/community/odrl/work/2-0-xml-encoding-constraint- draft-changes/ © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 19
  • 20. Next Steps • Finalize ODRL 2.1 – And publish updates to RightsML documntation and specs • Proof of concept implementation of the processing model – Demo POC based on licensed in NYC • Outreach • http://dev.iptc.org/RightsML • iptc-rightsml-dev@yahoogroups.com © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 20
  • 21. Date and Place of Next Meeting New York, USA March, 2015 https://www.flickr.com/photos/arnebornheim/8080932433 Danke und auf Wiedersehen! © 2014 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 21